About Official UGE

Starting a Two-Way Radio Network

For more free information and advice, please contact Daniel Newby in Taylorsville, Utah, at [email protected]

Objective: Provide basic information to encourage independent, private citizen emergency networks.

Topics:

Role of Two-Way Radios

Unlicensed Options

Licensed Options

Selecting Equipment & Tutorials

Guidelines for Emergencies

Importance of Practice

Glossary of Acronyms

Role of Two-Way Radios

What happens if the Internet, cell phones, and the electrical power grid become unreliable?  How will you communicate with your family, friends, and neighbors?

Satellite phones could be useful, but are expensive for most people, and everyone you want to communicate with will need one.  There is also no guarantee satellite service providers will continue to operate, or be able to handle the peak customer load effectively, during an emergency.

Enter two-way radios, or devices that receive and transmit radio frequencies.  Two-way radios can operate with minimal, rechargeable power, require little technical knowledge, and function without societal infrastructure or corporate service plans and support.

Unlicensed Options

Many two-way radios can operate on unlicensed frequencies based essentially by line-of-sight.  If you can draw a line from you to the other person without going through terrain or too many buildings, trees, etc., you can probably communicate.

Line-of-sight signals in the Very High Frequency (VHF) range can be useful in event of an emergency.  These include five unlicensed Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) frequencies set aside for general public use by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and restricted to a maximum of 2 watts of transmitting power.  Learn more about MURS:

https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/mobility-division/multi-use-radio-service-murs

The FCC also designated specific frequencies for non-licensed “business use,” and these can likewise be used in emergencies.  A complete list of all frequencies assigned for business use, and their wattage limits, is found in federal code “47 CFR 90.35.”  Or try this simpler resource:

https://wiki.radioreference.com/index.php/Common_Itinerant_and_Business

Note: “Itinerant” means you only operate a given frequency at varying locations and for unspecified periods of time.

These VHF options are conducive for longer distances and tend to be less trafficked.  Through a combination of favorable geography, maximum wattage permitted, and improved antennas, communications can exceed 20 miles, with a few miles as typical.

The FCC also designated several frequencies in the UHF range called the “Family Radio Service” (FRS).  You’ve probably seen common FRS two-way radios referred to as “walkie talkies.”  The FCC limited FRS to only half a watt of transmitting power, making it less effective.  Because it is inexpensive, unlicensed, and simple to use, FRS has become commonplace for casual users, meaning you’re more likely to be interrupted.

Popular radios like many Baofeng UV-5R models can be programmed to transmit using VHF MURS and “business use” frequencies, as well as UHF FRS frequencies.  Most Baofeng radios can also be set to transmit at lower wattage to comply with FCC wattage regulations for MURS and “business use” frequencies, but not low enough for the half-watt maximum required to use FRS in non-emergency situations.

Note: “Citizen Band” (CB) also has potential, but we consider it less effective for most situations.

Licensed Options

Operating by line-of-sight has obvious limitations.  Mountain ranges become a problem, for example.  VHF signals struggle through buildings and concrete, while UHF signals struggle over longer distances.

Traditional government and private “ham” band repeaters placed on higher elevations can serve a purpose, to include connecting radio users on opposite sides of mountain ranges.  If you can reach a repeater with your transmission, it essentially takes your signal, amplifies it, and transmits it out again.  Unless responding to an emergency in progress, however, a ham license is required to transmit a signal to a repeater.

Private General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS, in the UHF range) repeaters can also be set up for those who have the funds and a strategic (i.e. high and unimpeded) site to place them.  This requires a more dedicated power source.  It also requires a GMRS license, which costs $35 for 10 years.  No test is required and a single GMRS license covers you and your immediate family.  A GMRS license also allows you to transmit on several GMRS frequencies at higher wattage than FRS.  This page walks you through purchasing a GMRS license:

https://www.notarubicon.com/how-to-get-a-gmrs-license-easy-guide-to-gmrs-licensing-on-the-fcc-website/

Keep in mind that while repeaters can be useful, they can be disrupted by disasters, prolonged power outages, and malevolent parties.  Relying solely on them may be insufficient.

High Frequency (HF, often referred to as “shortwave radio”) can play a useful role in connecting more distant communities.  These signals bounce off the atmosphere and can overcome geographic obstacles like mountains if the conditions are right.  HF requires a larger commitment in the form of equipment, training and experience to obtain proficiency, and a more technical test for government licensure.

Here are a few basic lists and explanations for different radio waves:

https://www.dummies.com/programming/ham-radio/basics-of-radio-waves/

Selecting Equipment

Most people start with something like the aforementioned Baofeng UV-5R, because it is affordable, not too complicated, relatively easy to program on your computer (we like the free app “CHIRP”), and a lay person can use it adequately with a couple minutes of instruction.

IMPORTANT: Baofeng UV-5R or other radios should ideally receive (“RX”) and transmit (“TX”) in the 137-174 VHF frequency range, and should definitely include the unlicensed MURS and “business” frequencies range (about 150-160).  For UHF applications, they should also receive and transmit in the 400-520 frequency range (where most repeaters operate).  Check the product specifications before you purchase.

The Baofeng UV-5R can be found on eBay or Amazon for $30 or less.  Even if you plan on purchasing other, more expensive radios, a few of these are handy to share with others and keep as backups.

When purchasing radios, look for sellers with decent track records.  Baofeng UV-5Rs can be purchased with additional power (max output of 8 watts versus 5 watts), accessories like a cigarette charger for your vehicle, better/more batteries, a programming cable (recommended), etc.

Disclaimer: The following resources are examples only.  We are not affiliated with them.

Here is an eBay seller for the 8-watt Baofeng UV-5R radio:

https://www.ebay.com/itm/285832110839

Beware of sellers with poor track records, and note that lead times may be significantly longer if they are coming from China.

To program your radios, rather than risk problematic programming cables that can’t automatically detect and download drivers, consider purchasing the following cable:

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00HUB0ONK/

Most of us utilize the CHIRP application to program Baofeng radios.  See

https://chirp.danplanet.com/projects/chirp/wiki/Download

Here are beginner tutorials on using your UV-5R:

https://www.pewpewtactical.com/how-to-use-baofeng-uv-5r/

Here is a 39-second tutorial on how to adjust the Baofeng squelch, which often needs to be lowered/adjusted (the ideal setting is typically 1):

Here is a tutorial on other Baofeng settings that may be useful:

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_9PERVtaiH8

As an extra, here are larger batteries that should last longer than the smaller ones that typically come with the radio:

https://www.ebay.com/itm/274309147027

As another extra, your car battery can recharge your radio, and a special car charger can be handy:

https://www.ebay.com/itm/304041643101

If you already have a Baofeng handheld radio, but it does not transmit in the frequencies recommended above, note that they can sometimes be reset to factory settings and thereafter transmit in those frequencies.  To find out, turn off your radio, press the PTT, MON, and VFO/MR buttons at the same time, and turn the radio on.  See the following video for more information:

In most cases, the most significant way to increase the range of reception and transmission is to improve your position.  This means getting your radio to higher ground and clear of surrounding structures and terrain.

Sometimes improving the antenna quality is helpful, however we’ve found only marginal improvements (at best) with most Baofeng handhelds.  We’ve also learned that antennas that are “too good” can essentially overwhelm the receivers in these Baofengs, and render them incapable of receiving any signal at all.  You’ll have to test it yourself.

After basic handheld equipment is acquired and tested, other improvements can be considered, such as more rugged handhelds that work well with a variety of antennas, base stations, magnetic-mounted antennas (“mag mount”) for vehicles, stationary antennas mounted to your home and/or business, private GMRS repeaters (discussed previously), and means of recharging/operating your radios without conventional power.

Guidelines for Emergencies

Most people who purchase radios fail to program them with useful frequencies.  They put them in a closet or bag somewhere and forget about them.  In a real emergency, you may as well hold a rock to your ear.

In order for information to be effectively dispersed in an emergency, everyone involved needs to:

(1) Possess basic, programmed radios,

(2) Know others who have programmed radios, and

(3) Be familiar with which channels to go to and what protocols to follow.

People can’t afford to surf channels at all hours of the day and night — hoping to connect with someone.  Your network should establish clear guidelines everyone can reasonably follow under stress.  They should know what frequencies to listen to, when to listen, who to listen for, what kind of information they should (and should not) share, etc.

Military communicators utilize the acronym PACE, which stands for Primary, Alternate, Contingency, and Emergency.  If the Primary frequency you plan to communicate with is blocked, too heavily trafficked, or otherwise unavailable, be prepared to move over to your Contingency frequency, and so on.

Importance of Practice

Once guidelines are established, test them at least once per month.  Everyone you wish to communicate with should become, and remain, competent operators.  Work out all the problems you can while things are relatively calm and equipment and expertise are available.

Periodic tests are useful to:

(1) Become familiar with the potential, and limitations, of your equipment in various circumstances.  We’ve learned a lot by trying different antennas and positions in, and out, of our homes and vehicles.  Geography, weather, buildings, and other factors can make a significant difference.

(2) Determine how well you can connect with others in different areas around you.  Encourage participants to share the city they are transmitting from, or, if on the move, a more precise location.  For personal security, however, we recommend NOT sharing home or work addresses over the air.

(3) Learn how to practically improve for future tests and potential emergencies.  When a real emergency happens, it is too late to work through critical details that can make, or break, vital connections.

When testing, it is important to:

(1) Announce yourself and call for a “radio check” when you first come online so others know you’re present.

(2) Use the term “Over” at the end of your transmission, so everyone knows when they can talk.  This helps people avoid talking over each other, as that creates static interference.

(3) Keep discussion professional and centered on testing.  After the formal test is done, people can relax a bit (which also constitutes useful practice).

Glossary of Acronyms:

FCC: Federal Communications Commission.

Frequency: Numeric measurement of how often a radio wave oscillates or cycles (goes up and down).  Its numeric value is followed by the unit of measurement, such as “146.700 MHz” (Megahertz), “600 kHz” (Kilohertz), or “5 Hz” (Hertz).

FRS: Family Radio Service frequencies in the UHF range.

GMRS: General Mobile Radio Service frequencies in the UHF range.

Ham: Amateur radio.

HF: High Frequency signals (often referred to as “shortwave radio”).

MURS: Multi-Use Radio Service frequencies in the VHF range.

PACE: Primary, Alternate, Contingency, and Emergency plans.

VHF: Very High Frequency signals.

UHF: Ultra High Frequency signals.

For more free information and advice, please contact Daniel Newby in Taylorsville, Utah, at [email protected]

Please join us and the Armed Women of America for D.I.R.T. Dangerous Individual Recognition Training® with Terry Vaughan this June 25^th and 26^th.

Utah Gun Exchange is a proud sponsor of the Armed Women of America Regional Roundup that is hosting this incredible training to empower women to be their own self-protectors. 

Register Here as space is limited.  Proceeds will benefit Armed Women of America, a 501(c) 3 non-profit organization with a mission to enable women to be their own self-protectors, creating freedom, peace of mind, and confidence in themselves.

You do not need to be a gun owner to attend this four-hour seminar. You simply need to show up willing to learn, grow and have a good time. This course is open to the public and will provide valuable information for men, women, and teens. Make personal safety your superpower! D.I.R.T. empower you with the skills to identify a threat quickly. This energetic and entertaining four hour workshop covers an array of information including: 

• 4 criteria predators use to choose victims 
• Using your body language to deter threats 
• 10 likely pre-attack body language signals 
  
  D.I.R.T. places you confidently in charge of your safety by enhancing how you can scan and interpret the people around you. 

About this event

Register Here as space is limited!

Make personal safety your superpower!

Can you recognize the nonverbal signals and body language of dangerous people?

Can you decode these nonverbal signals in real time?

YOU are the protector for yourself and your family. YOU are the first line of defense. Understanding nonverbal signals will give you an advantage in any environment, ultimately keeping you and your family safer!

D.I.R.T. Dangerous Individual Recognition Training® is a fascinating exploration into decoding behavior and body language so you can quickly identify a threat. 

The four-hour workshop covers an array of information, including:

• 4 criteria predators use to choose victims
• Using your body language to deter threats
• 10 likely pre-attack body language signals
• 5 components of personal safety
• 3 strategies to maximize visual awareness
• How to improve subconscious bias
• Steps to reduce inattentional blindness
• And much, much more!

Body Language | Mindset | Strategy

Terry created D.I.R.T. Dangerous Individual Recognition Training® to engage, empower, and remove the mystery surrounding criminal acts. This workshop places you confidently in charge of your safety by enhancing how you scan and interpret the people around you.

We improve personal safety by mastering three areas of our lives; individual awareness, situational awareness, and environmental awareness. D.I.R.T. will provide you with a foundation of understanding for each of these disciplines and help ensure you stay safe wherever life takes you.

Personal safety and body language can be serious topics but when Terry delivers the information, be prepared to laugh and leave feeling like you have a new superpower!

Terry is a body language leader, speaker, author, and former British Royal Marine Commando, an elite branch of Her Majesty’s Royal Navy.

As the creator of D.I.R.T., Terry has delivered workshops to groups ranging from circuit court judges and law enforcement to Fortune 500 companies, realtors, and executive teams across the nation.

He is also a past competitor on season 4 of the History Channel’s TOP SHOT, a former television host for the BBC and GUNTV, and the author of the popular book, NOT WITH MY DAUGHTER! A Dad’s Guide to Screening Dates and Boyfriends.

When is this event?

Saturday, June 25, 2022

8:00am – 12:00noon

Sunday, June 26, 2022

8:00am – 12:00noon

Register Here as space is limited!

Where will this event be held?

Jeremiah’s Lodge & Garden

1329 W. 12th Street

Ogden, UT  84404

Tickets: $85.00

Register Here as space is limited!